what is Tackling, Flaring and Ghosting ?

             Tackling, Flaring and Ghosting 

The reflective characteristics of image sensors uses in digital camera differ from those used in film cameras. Image sensors in film cameras possess a higher amount of reflectivity known as mirror reflection, which creates flaring and ghosting effect inside the lens when light from a bright source enters the lens and reflects back to the image sensor.

 Use meniscus lenses as the protective glass on large aperture telephoto lenses. These are spherical lenses having the same curvature on both sides of the lens, so the light reflected off the image sensor forms an image in front of the image sensor and then is dispersed. By such, the light, which is dispersed, does not hit the reflective elements of sensor preventing ghosting while getting high level of contrast at the same time.

Image Sensor Digital cameras use a solid-state device called as an image sensor.In some digital cameras, the image sensor used is a Charge-coupled Device (CCD), while in others they use a Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. Both types of sensors can give very good results. There are millions of photosensitive diodes on the surface of these silicon chips, each of which captures a single pixel of the desired photograph. While taking a picture, the camera's shutter opens for a brief period and then each pixel on this chip records the brightness of the light that falls on it by accumulating its photons. The more light that falls on the pixel, the more photons it records. The pixels capturing light from picture highlight will have many photons. On the other hand, those pixels capturing light from shadow areas will have fewer. When the shutter closes to end the exposure, the photons from each of the pixel are counted and converted into a digital number.

Sensor Size Image sensors come in many sizes. The largest sensors are used in professional cameras (SLRS), while the smaller ones are used in point and shoot cameras. Often, consumer SLRS use sensors having the size as same as the frame of an Advanced Photo System (APS) film. Usually, some SLR's have sensors of the same size as the frame. Such sensors are called as full-frame sensors.