what is cinematography ?

                                            

 

There are two main dimensions in cinematography, one is the physical that comprises hardware such as cameras, lenses, lighting equipment, and so on. The other dimension is concerned with conceptualization of how to use these hardware efficiently.

 This session will give you a glance over the cinematography devices and some popular concepts of lighting, exposure, and camera movement.

  Sony F65 

The Sony F65 4K camera is the most famous camera in the cinematography field

Features of Sony F65 camera

> 4K resolution 

> Super 35 mm 8K CMOS sensor (20 M pixels)

> Mechanical rotary shutter and ND filters 

> Wide color gamut and true-color reproduction 

> 14 stops of exposure latitude 

> On-board recording on SR Memory Card via an SR-R4 recorder 

> High-frame-rate recording up to 120 fps on 2K and 72 fps on 4K 

>Advanced de-mosaic in 6K and 8K by RAW Viewer 

>Wi Fi Connectivity

Signal Pathway

 

The camera lens sends the captured image onto the image sensor. The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC or the A-to-D Converter) in the image sensor converts the analog voltage values to digital equivalent. The data from ADC is fetched to the Digital Signal Processing unit.

 Digital Signal Processor

 The DSP conditions the signal for further use and also apply the modifications that you want. These modifications include gamma, white balance, color balance, gain, and so on, which can be controlled by the knobs on the camera.

High Definition Cameras and Beyond 

After the Standard Def (SD) cameras, high-def cameras were the first generation of cameras. SD cameras was having a resolution of 480 X 576 pixels. The most commonly known resolution sizes for HD are 1920 X 1080 pixels and 1280 X 720. Post High-def cameras are the current generation; they are capable of recording at much higher definition.

Beyond High Definition

 Today's cameras have gone beyond 1920x1080. They are referred as Ultra High-def (UHD), HD+, or post-HD cameras. They are now known by their resolution such as 4K video, 6K video, and so on. 

  Sensors

 The dominant technologies used in cameras are Charge-coupled device (CCD) and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS).

Charged-coupled Device (CCD) 

It converts photons projected on it to an analog electrical charge and then converts this voltage into digital information. The charge of each pixel in a CCD array is transferred through a limited number of output connections. Each pixel is actually a MOSFET-Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.

 Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) 

CMOS sensors are lower in cost than CCDS. The manufacturing process for CMOS is simple and fewer components are used. They also consume less power in operation and are capable of higher readout rates.